ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ഭാഷ പ്രയോഗിക്കുമ്പോൾ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കേണ്ട അടിസ്ഥാനപരമായ കാര്യങ്ങൾ അറിയാം
GERUNDS
Seeing Gandhi defeat an empire by simply walking and spinning cloth proves that history can be created without shouting!
This sentence refers to Mahatma Gandhi's non-violent freedom struggle against British colonial rule. Gandhi led historical movements such as the Salt March, Non-Cooperation Movement and Khadi movement, where he promoted walking long distances, spinning his own cloth, and rejecting British goods. These simple actions became powerful symbols of resistance.
മുകളിൽ നൽകിയിട്ടുള്ള Sentence ൽ ഉപയോഗ ഗീച്ച 'seeing', 'walking', 'spinning' എന്നീ പദങ്ങളം ക്രിയാനാമങ്ങൾക്ക് (GERUNDS) ഉദാഹരണമാണ്.
A gerund is the '-ing' form of a verb that functions as a noun.
Although it looks like a verb, in a sentence it performs the role of a noun (the name of an action). Structure:
Gerund എന്നാൽ verb + -ing രൂപമാണെങ്കിലും ഒരു വാചകത്തിൽ noun പോലെ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു പ്രവൃത്തിയെ 'കാര്യമായി/വസ്തുവായി' മാറ്റുന്ന രൂപമാണ് gerund.
IDENTIFY A GERUND
A word ending in -ing is a gerund only when it behaves like a noun. If it behaves like a verb or adjective, it is not a gerund.
A gerund can function as:
- Subject of a sentence
- Object of a verb
- Object of a preposition
- Complement of the verb be
അതായത് -ing ൽ അവസാനിക്കുന്ന എല്ലാം
gerund അല്ല. Noun ആയി പ്രവർത്തിച്ചാൽ മാത്രമേ gerund ആകൂ.
FUNCTIONS OF GERUND
1. Gerund as Subject
When the gerund comes at the beginning and performs the action, it functions as the subject.
Swimming is good for health.
Reading helps improve vocabulary.
Walking reduces stress.
Writing clears the mind.
2. Gerund as the Object of a Verb
Many verbs require a noun as their object; a gerund can fill this position.
Common verbs like enjoy, finish, avoid, consider, deny, suggest, risk, mind, imagine, practice, keep followed by gerunds act as the object of the verb in the sentence. ഒരു വാചകത്തിൽ ക്രിയയുടെ object (കർമ്മമായി) gerund പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു.
I enjoy reading.
She finished writing the story.
They avoided meeting him.
He suggested going early.
3. Gerund as the Object of a Preposition
A preposition must always be followed by a noun.
Since the gerund acts as a noun, it fits naturally after prepositions.
Common prepositions: in, on, at, for, about, by, without, after, before, of, with
ഒരു വാചകത്തിൽ preposition-ന്റെ object (കർമ്മമായി) gerund പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു.
She is good at painting.
He left without telling anyone.
They succeeded by working hard.
I am interested in teaching.
Preposition + Noun >> Verb + ing (Gerund)
ഉപയോഗിക്കണം.
4. Gerund as Complement of the Verb
A complement renames or identifies the subject. A complement is a word which completes the meaning of a sentence. ഒരു വാചകത്തിൽ അനു പൂരകമായി gerund പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു വാചകം ത്തെ പൂർണമാക്കാൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന പദത്തെ അനുപൂരകം എന്ന് പറയുന്നു.
His hobby is collecting stamps. Her job is teaching. My favourite activity is reading. The best exercise is walking.
GERUND PHRASES
A gerund phrase = gerund + its object/modifier. It functions entirely as a noun.
Reading books improves concentration. Playing the guitar relaxes her. Working hard leads to success. Helping others brings joy.
മുകളിൽക്കൊടുത്ത വാചകങ്ങളിലെ Reading books, Playing the guitar, Working hard, Helping others എന്നിവ gerund phrases ആണ്
COMMON EXPRESSIONS WITH GERUNDS
1. After Prepositions
She left without informing me. He is capable of learning fast. By working together, we can win. They talked about travelling abroad.
2. After Certain Verbs
She avoided meeting him. I enjoy playing football. They denied stealing the money. He considered changing the plan.
3. After Phrasal Verb
He gave up smoking. I look forward to meeting you. She kept on talking. They ended up buying the house.
Special Note: Normally -ing form of the verb is used after the expressions 'look forward to' and 'with a view to' in English.
With a view to + -ing
(Meaning: with the intention of..)
She joined the Spoken English class with a view to improving her communication skills. They saved money with a view to buying a new house.
He shifted to the city with a view to starting his own business.
Look forward to + -ing (Meaning: eagerly waiting for something..) I look forward to meeting you next week. She looks forward to attending the seminar. The students look forward to celebrating the annual day.
SPECIAL STRUCTURES
1. Possessive + Gerund
Used for formal, precise English. I appreciate your coming early. We disliked his talking loudly. She enjoyed their singing. The teacher praised my writing.
2. Passive Gerund
Structure: being + past participle He avoided being punished. She hates being ignored. They feared being caught. I dislike being disturbed.
COMMON ERRORS
After 'gerund-taking verbs' do NOT use infinitive. I enjoy to swim. (Wrong) I enjoy swimming. (Right)
She finished to write. (Wrong) She finished writing. (Right)
Verbs requiring infinitives (NOT gerunds) decide, promise, plan, hope, expect, refuse He decided going. (Wrong) He decided to go. (Right)
She promised helping. (Wrong) She promised to help. (Right)
Note
Gerund = verb + -ing functioning as a noun Used as subject, object, complement, object of preposition Gerund phrase = gerund + object/modifier After prepositions and many common verbs, gerund is compulsory
Gerund = verb + -ing ഒരു noun പോലെ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു Subject, object, preposition-ന്റെ object, complement എന്നി സ്ഥാനങ്ങളിൽ വരുന്നു
